Ataxia

3 types of ataxia:
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/ataxia.html

Cerebellar ataxia:
- ataxia may primarily involve the trunk (truncal ataxia) and the patient may not be able to sit or stand unsupported (astasia); truncal ataxia is usually due to midline cerebellar disease, and associated limb ataxia due to lateral cerebellar hemisphere disease may not be present

- incooordination of walking (gait ataxia) that is so severe that the patient cannot walk is called abasia, and the term astasia-abasia is used if the the patient's balance is so impaired that the patient cannot maintain his balance when either sitting or walking

- persistent incoordination of the truncal axial musculature may produce body tilts, pelvic tilts or head tilts

Useful sites

http://www.oscetube.com/

Pathology:
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/HISTO.html

http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html
University of Utah offers a site with the largest and most extensive collection of gross and microscopic photos I know of. You will find lots of good examples as well as case studies and even self-help quizzes.

http://medsci.indiana.edu/c602web/602/C602web/toc.htm

http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/paf/slides/


http://www.path.uiowa.edu/virtualslidebox/iowa_histopathology/content_index_db.html
University of Iowa, Virtual Slide Box This incredible site uses the virtual microscope technology, allowing the student to view, cruise and zoom in on tissues exhibiting a wide range of diseases.


http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html
Harvard School of Medicine has provided a truly amazing collection of CAT and PET scan images of the normal and damaged brain. You can move around within the images to see the injury at various levels.


http://erl.pathology.iupui.edu/
Indiana University School of Medicine (IUPUI) offers a great site. It not only includes systemic and general pathology topics, but you will find a large normal histology section as well.

http://www2.kumc.edu/pathology/
University of Kansas has a very impressive site. You'll find many photos, descriptions and case studies.
http://insight.ku.edu:8081/BrowserInsight/BrowserInsight?cmd=start&cid=26&ig=&gwisp=&iia=0&gwia=1&ir=-1&id=-1&d=0&iwas=2&gc=0&isl=1&ss=0

Musculoskeletal Embryology

Musculoskeletal Embryology:

Mesenchyme (embbryonic connective tissue→ fibriblast, chondroblast, osteoblast) give rise to connective tissue, muscle and bone:

1-Paraxial Mesoderm→segnented→ somitomers→
-head ( in association with neuomers)→ head mesenchyme→skull
vault and base of the skull
-Occipital to caudal→ 42 -44 pairs of somites→ -Dermomyotome
- sclerotome→axial skeleton mesenchyme
2-Somatic Mesoderm ( from Lateral Plate Mesoderm)→ mesenchyme for pelvic and shoulder girdle and long bones of limbs

3- Neural Creast in head→ mesenchyme for face and pharyngeal arches→facial bones, muscles, and cartilages

Head and Neck Anatomy:

http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/index.htm
A very useful site, with lots of animations.Copyright©1999 by Wesley Norman, PhD, DSc
http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/head/head.htm
http://www.instantanatomy.net/headneck.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_anatomy
Please make a comment which site was the best for you.

Rocker-bottom feet : In Edward syndrome

In rocker-bottom feet the bones are arranged in a different way and this makes the underside of the foot convex in the middle: the foot appears to bend in the opposite direction to normal and in so doing it resembles the shape of the bottom of a rocking chair.

(Normally the underside of the human foot is concave in the middle: the bones of the foot are arranged in such a way that there is an arch-like shape in the mid-part of the foot.)

Down syndrom

http://medgen.genetics.utah.edu/photographs/pages/down_syndrome.htm

Brushfild spot in Down syndrom:

Brushfield spots are small white or grayish/brown spots on the periphery of the iris in the human eye due to aggregation of a normal iris element (connective tissue). These spots are normal in children but are also a feature of the chromosomal disorder Down syndrome.